814	Carthage founded by Phoenician colonists? (traditional date)
753	Rome founded by unified Latin tribes? (traditional date)
734	Syracuse founded by Greek colonists from Corinth? (traditional date)
306	Birth of Hiero, king of Syracuse?
289	Reign of Hiketas, tyrant of Syracuse, begins.
287	BIRTH OF ARCHIMEDES ?
279	Reign of Hiketas ends.
278	Pyrrhos, king of Greek city of Epirus, rules over Syracuse and the rest of Greek Sicily. (See Plutarch's Life of Pyrrhos.)
276	Pyrrhos leaves Sicily.
275	Hiero executes military takeover of Syracuse. Hiero marries Philistis, daughter of Leptines, influential Syracusan?
270	Birth of Hiero's son Gelo?
268	Birth of Marcellus, consul of Rome and conqueror of Syracuse. (See Plutarch's Life of Marcellus.)
265	Hiero defeats Mamertines (Italic mercenaries) and is declared king of Syracuse.
264	Beginning of First Punic War for control of Sicily. Syracuse initially allied with Carthage against Rome.
263	Hiero signs peace treaty with Rome after Romans threaten Syracuse.
247	Birth of Hannibal, Carthaginian general.
241	End of First Punic War. Rome gains control of all of Sicily outside of a small area surrounding Syracuse.
240	Gelo begins co-rule with Hiero?
230	Birth of Gelo's son Hieronymos.
218	Beginning of Second Punic War. Hannibal crosses the Alps and invades Italy.
216	Hannibal defeats Romans at Cannae. Death of Gelo (at age 54?)
215	Death of Hiero (at age 91?) Hieronymos assumes throne of Syracuse (at age 15). Syracuse switches allegiance from Rome to Carthage.
214	Hieronymos assassinated at Leontini, Syracuse's Greek ally (at age 16). Adranodoros (son-in-law of Hiero) and Themistos (son-in-law of Gelo) assassinated in Syracuse. Five female members of Hiero's family put to death by a pro-Roman assembly. Marcellus captures Leontini. Hannibal's agents, Hippokrates and Epikydes, assume control of Syracuse.
213	Marcellus attacks Syracuse, but is defeated by Archimedes' military machines. Marcellus begins blockade of Syracuse.
212	Syracuse captured and looted by Romans. DEATH OF ARCHIMEDES (at age 75?) during sack of Syracuse.
208	Marcellus killed by Hannibal's forces in a minor skirmish (at age 60). (See Plutarch's Life of Marcellus.)
201	End of Second Punic War. Rome gains control of all Carthaginian territory outside of Africa.
183	Death of Hannibal (at age 64). He commits suicide to prevent capture by Roman forces.
146	Carthage is utterly destroyed at the end of Third Punic War, which began in 149 BC.
75	Cicero discovers and restores Archimedes' tomb.