Selected figures from "Fluid Dynamics of the Heart and its Valves", Charles S. Peskin and David M. McQueen, in "Case Studies in Mathematical Modeling -- Ecology, Physiology and Cell Biology", Ed. by Hans G. Othmer, Fred R. Adler, Mark A. Lewis and John C. Dallon, Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 1997, Pages 309-338.
Figure 3: The heart model in action. Fluid flow is represented by streaklines, which were computed by tracing the trajectories of particles immersed in the flow. The current position of each such particle is shown as a small blob and the recent past positions are shown by a fading tail.
(a) Cutaway view of the heart during early ventricular diastole (relaxation). Only the markers that were initially in the atria are shown. Note the ring vortex visible in the left ventricle (right side of the figure) below the mitral valve.
(b) Cutaway view of the heart during early ventricular diastole showing markers that were initially in the ventricles in addition to the atrial markers shown previously.
(c) Cutaway view of the heart during ventricular systole (contraction). Only markers that were initially in the ventricles are shown.
(g-h) Detail of the mitral and aortic valves during ventricular diastole and
during ventricular systole.