Atmosphere Ocean Science Colloquium
Spatiospectral Localization on the Sphere: Charting the Interior of the Earth and Mapping Its Ice Cover Melt Through Time-Variable Satellite Gravity
Speaker: Fredrik Simons, Princeton University
Location: Warren Weaver Hall 1302
Date: Wednesday, December 9, 2015, 3:30 p.m.
Synopsis:
All planetary geology is local, so to speak, yet many modern techniques to analyze geophysical signals, from satellite gravity and the geoid, the lithospheric magnetic field, to the making of seismological earth models, heavily rely on a global function basis - the spherical harmonics. When the available data are incomplete and/or noisy, or when the desired models or the features to be extracted are geographically localized (geomorphological structures, magnetic anomalies, earthquakes, ocean topography, regional-scale anomalies, etc), these have easily demonstrable shortcomings. Enter Slepian functions: firmly rooted in the theory of potential fields, they are designed to combine the best of both the spatial and spectral viewpoints by achieving optimal spatio-spectral localization. A basis of Slepian functions for geophysical signals is sparse, and when used as windows to taper data for spectral analysis, they allow for the robust extraction of localized power. Among the applications are the analysis of the time-variable gravity field for the recovery of melting ice caps in Greenland and Antarctica or of coseismic gravity perturbations, the localization of geologically relevant and coherent areas on the surface of Venus, the analysis of the Martian magnetic field for the signature of its crustal source depth and intensities, of the terrestrial magnetic field for the separation of the signature of oceanic and continental magnetic anomalies, the recovery of the power spectral density of the cosmic microwave background radiation, and the filtering of the geoid for geodynamic applications, and more.